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2012年6月24日 星期日

這實在太珍貴了！30張紐約帝國大廈當年興建的照片！


1.



30 Vintage Photos of the Empire State Building Under Construction:

在1972年世貿雙子星大樓尚未興建前，1931年興建的帝國大廈是全球最高的大樓，到了2012年，它仍名列在全球15座超高大廈的名單之一，全美洲也排名第四高。

帝國大廈高102樓，加上屋頂的高度為1,250英尺（381公尺），興建過程410天，當時正值經濟大蕭條，因此工程必須加速，這些照片由「紐約公共圖書館」( New York Public Library)保存,由攝影師Lewis Wickes Hine (1874-1940)所拍攝，其中有所許多鏡頭看來都非常的驚險，令人腳底發麻，希望大家會喜歡。

2.


two men standing on plank riveting empire state building 1931 no safety harness



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worker attaching bolt to beam no harness sitting on edge at top of empire state building 1931



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high up on a wire building the empire state building 1931 new york city visible in background



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worker on edge of platform of empire state building 1931 new york city aerial clear in background



6.


empire state building workers guiding a hoisting cable 1931 many workers visible in photo



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two workers attaching beam with a crane high up empire state building 1931 no safety harnesses



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workers having lunch on one of the floors that have been built



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a worker hoisting a very large beam during construction of empire state building 1931



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a worker hanging on two steel beams very high up with city of new york in background


The Empire State Building – Design and Construction


- The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb from the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon. The bulding was influenced by previous designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio
- The general contractors were The Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was financed primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. du Pont. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York and James Farley’s General Builders Supply Corporation supplied the building materials. John W. Bowser was project construction superintendent
- Excavation of the site began on January 22, 1930, and construction on the building itself started symbolically on March 17—St. Patrick’s Day—per Al Smith’s influence as Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal
- According to official accounts, five workers died during the construction. Governor Smith’s grandchildren cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931
- The construction was part of an intense competition in New York for the title of “world’s tallest building”. Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each held the title for less than a year, as the Empire State Building surpassed them upon its completion, just 410 days after construction commenced
- The project was completed ahead of schedule and under budget. Instead of taking 18 months as anticipated, the construction took just under fifteen. Due to reduced costs during the Depression, the final costs totaled only $24.7 million (372.8 million 2012 dollars) instead of the estimated $43 million
- The building was officially opened on May 1, 1931 in dramatic fashion, when United States President Herbert Hoover turned on the building’s lights with the push of a button from Washington, D.C. Coincidentally, the first use of tower lights atop the Empire State Building, the following year, was for the purpose of signaling the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Hoover in the presidential election of November 1932
[Source]


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a worker riding on a massive crane hook



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two workers riveting a corner beam of empire state building



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construction worker manoeuvring rope and pulley high up city in backdrop



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worker pulling on a rope looking upwards



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Construction worker standing on an I-beam pulling a rope (1931)



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Two construction workers at the corner of two steel beams pointing to the left (1931)



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Riveters attaching a beam sitting on small wooden platform unsecured 1931



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Plumbing up a column of empire state building unsecured high up



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Two workers inspecting steel high up no harness city in backdrop



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Three workers securing a rivet high up the empire state building


Lewis Wickes Hine (Sept. 26, 1874 – Nov. 3, 1940)



Lewis Wickes Hine was an American sociologist and photographer. Hine used his camera as a tool for social reform. His photographs were instrumental in changing the child labor laws in the United States.
In 1906, Hine became the staff photographer of the Russell Sage Foundation. Here Hine photographed life in the steel-making districts and people of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, for the influential sociological study called the Pittsburgh Survey. In 1908, he became the photographer for the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC), leaving his teaching position at the Ethical Culture School in New York City. Over the next decade, Hine documented child labor in American industry to aid the NCLC’s lobbying efforts to end the practice.
During and after World War I, he photographed American Red Cross relief work in Europe. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Hine made a series of “work portraits,” which emphasized the human contribution to modern industry. In 1930, Hine was commissioned to document the construction of The Empire State Building. Hine photographed the workers in precarious positions while they secured the iron and steel framework of the structure, taking many of the same risks the workers endured. In order to obtain the best vantage points, Hine was swung out in a specially designed basket 1,000 feet above Fifth Avenue.
During the Great Depression, he again worked for the Red Cross, photographing drought relief in the American South, and for the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), documenting life in the mountains of eastern Tennessee. He also served as chief photographer for the Works Progress Administration’s (WPA) National Research Project, which studied changes in industry and their effect on employment. Hine was also a member of the faculty of the Ethical Culture Fieldston School.
The Library of Congress holds more than five thousand Hine photographs, including examples of his child labor and Red Cross photographs, his work portraits, and his WPA and TVA images. Other large institutional collections include nearly ten thousand of Hine’s photographs and negatives held at the George Eastman House and almost five thousand NCLC photographs[7] at the Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery of the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. [Source: Wikipedia]


21.


Workers on Empire State building sitting on beam unsecured



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Two workers repairing machinery (1931)



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Atop Empire State- in construction; Chrysler Bldg & [Daily] News in middle foreground. (1931)



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View of the empire state building rising to about sixteen stories (1931)



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View of the empire state building from another building about thirteen stories up (1931)



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View of the building with about forty stories framed out (1931)



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View of the building from a distance at about 3/4 completion (1931)



28.


Worker on Empire State building, signaling the hookman high up unsecured standing on beam



29.


A forest of girders. Empire State Building (1931)



30.


silhouette of Workers on Empire State building with city in background








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